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Docker Commands Guide

Docker Data Directory

Docker stores its files, such as images, containers, and volumes, in specific directories. These are essential for Docker's operation.

/var/lib/docker/: This is Docker's primary data directory where all data related to Docker is stored.
/var/lib/docker/containers/: Contains the configurations and files for individual Docker containers.
/var/lib/docker/volumes/: Stores the data for Docker volumes, which allow persistent data storage outside of containers.

Installing Docker on Ubuntu

Here’s a step-by-step explanation of the commands used to install Docker on Ubuntu.

# Update the package list and install required packages
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl

sudo apt update: Updates the local package list to ensure you're downloading the latest versions.
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl: Installs essential packages like ca-certificates and curl for secure communication and downloading files.

# Create a directory for Docker's GPG key and download it
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings 
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc 
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings: Creates the directory /etc/apt/keyrings with the correct permissions for storing GPG keys.
curl -fsSL <url> -o <file>: Downloads Docker’s GPG key securely and stores it as docker.asc.
chmod a+r: Gives read permission to all users for the GPG key file.

# Add Docker's official repository to Apt sources
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

dpkg --print-architecture: Determines the system's architecture (e.g., amd64).
os-release: Fetches the OS version to ensure the correct Docker version is downloaded for your system.

# Update the package list and install Docker
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

docker-ce: Installs Docker Community Edition.
docker-ce-cli: Installs the Docker command-line interface.
containerd.io: Installs Containerd, a container runtime used by Docker.
docker-buildx-plugin: Installs Docker Buildx, an advanced image builder.
docker-compose-plugin: Installs Docker Compose, which helps manage multi-container applications.

Docker CLI Commands

Authentication

docker login

docker login: Authenticates your Docker CLI with Docker Hub or a private registry by prompting for credentials.

Image Management

Image management commands help you interact with Docker images: downloading, saving, loading, and removing images.

docker pull <repo-addr>

docker pull <repo-addr>: Downloads a Docker image from the specified repository (e.g., Docker Hub).

docker images

docker images: Lists all Docker images stored on your system.

docker rmi -f <image-id>

docker rmi -f <image-id>: Forcefully removes a Docker image from your system. Use caution as this will permanently delete the image.

docker save -o <file-location-and-name> <image-name>

docker save -o <file-location> <image-name>: Saves a Docker image as a tar archive file. Useful for transferring images.

docker load -i <file-location>

docker load -i <file-location>: Loads a Docker image from a tar archive file.

Container Management

These commands allow you to create, run, manage, and remove containers.

docker run <options> <img-name>

docker run <img-name>: Runs a Docker container based on the specified image. Add options for more customization.

docker run -it

docker run -it: Runs a container in interactive mode with a terminal.

docker run -dit

docker run -dit: Runs a container in detached mode with a terminal, meaning it runs in the background.

docker exec -it <container-name>

docker exec -it <container-name>: Opens an interactive terminal inside a running container.

docker stop <container-name>

docker stop <container-name>: Stops a running container gracefully.

docker rm <container-name>

docker rm <container-name>: Removes a stopped container.

docker rm -f <container-name>

docker rm -f <container-name>: Forcefully stops and removes a running container.

docker ps -aq

docker ps -aq: Lists all container IDs, both running and stopped.

docker ps -aq -f status=exited

docker ps -aq -f status=exited: Lists the container IDs of all stopped (exited) containers.

docker container prune

docker container prune: Removes all stopped containers.

docker commit <container-name> <new-image-name>

docker commit <container-name> <new-image-name>: Creates a new Docker image from an existing container.

docker inspect <container-name>

docker inspect <container-name>: Displays detailed information about a container’s configuration and state.

docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <container-name>

docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <container-name>: Retrieves the IP address of a specific container.

docker cp <file_on_local> <container-name>:/<location>

docker cp <file_on_local> <container-name>:/<location>: Copies a file from your local system to a Docker container.

docker cp <container-name>:/<location> <local-location>

docker cp <container-name>:/<location> <local-location>: Copies a file from a Docker container to your local system.

docker stats

docker stats: Displays a live stream of resource usage statistics for all running containers.

docker build -t <app-name>:<app-ver> <path-to-dockerfile>

docker build -t <app-name>:<app-ver> <path-to-dockerfile>: Builds a Docker image from a Dockerfile located at the specified path.

Volume Management

Docker volumes are used to persist data between container restarts. These commands manage those volumes.

docker volume ls

docker volume ls: Lists all Docker volumes available on your system.

docker volume create <volume-name>

docker volume create <volume-name>: Creates a new volume with the specified name.

docker volume inspect <volume-name>

docker volume inspect <volume-name>: Displays detailed information about the specified volume.

docker run -dit --name <container-name> -v <volume-name>:<container-location> <image-name>

docker run -v <volume-name>:<container-location>: Runs a container and mounts the specified volume at the given location inside the container.

Network Management

These commands help manage Docker networks, enabling containers to communicate with each other.

docker network ls

docker network ls: Lists all Docker networks on your system.

docker network create <network-name>

docker network create <network-name>: Creates a new Docker network.

docker network create --subnet <ip>/<subnet> --gateway <gateway-ip> --driver=<network-type> <network-name>

docker network create --subnet <ip>/<subnet> --gateway <gateway-ip> --driver=<network-type> <network-name>: Creates a custom Docker network with specified settings (subnet, gateway, and driver).

docker run -dit --name <container-name> --network <network-name> <image-name>

docker run --network <network-name>: Runs a container and connects it to the specified network.

docker network connect <network-name> <container-name>

**`docker network connect <container

-name>`**: Connects an existing container to the specified network.

docker network disconnect <network-name> <container-name>

docker network disconnect <network-name> <container-name>: Disconnects the specified container from the network.

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