274 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
274 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
# **Docker Commands Guide**
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## **1. Docker Data Directory**
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Docker stores its critical files like images, containers, and volumes in specific directories. These are essential for Docker's operation.
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- **`/var/lib/docker/`**: The main directory where Docker stores all its data.
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- **`/var/lib/docker/containers/`**: Contains configuration files for individual containers.
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- **`/var/lib/docker/volumes/`**: Stores data for Docker volumes, enabling persistent storage beyond container lifetimes.
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---
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## **2. Installing Docker on Ubuntu**
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Follow these steps to install Docker on Ubuntu.
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### **Step 1: Update package list and install required packages**
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```bash
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl
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```
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- **`sudo apt update`**: Refreshes the local package list to ensure you download the latest versions.
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- **`sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl`**: Installs essential tools like `ca-certificates` and `curl` for secure downloads.
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### **Step 2: Add Docker’s GPG key**
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```bash
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sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
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curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
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sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
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```
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- **`install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings`**: Creates the `/etc/apt/keyrings` directory with the appropriate permissions.
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- **`curl -fsSL <url> -o <file>`**: Downloads Docker’s GPG key securely.
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- **`chmod a+r`**: Ensures the GPG key file is readable by all users.
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### **Step 3: Add Docker’s official repository**
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```bash
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echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
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```
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- This command adds Docker's official repository to your Apt sources list.
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### **Step 4: Install Docker**
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```bash
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
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```
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- **`docker-ce`**: Installs Docker Community Edition.
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- **`docker-ce-cli`**: The Docker command-line interface.
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- **`containerd.io`**: Container runtime.
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- **`docker-buildx-plugin`**: Advanced build functionality.
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- **`docker-compose-plugin`**: Tool for managing multi-container applications.
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---
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## **3. Docker CLI Commands**
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### **3.1 Authentication**
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```bash
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docker login
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```
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- **`docker login`**: Prompts for credentials to log in to Docker Hub or a private registry.
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### **3.2 Image Management**
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```bash
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docker pull <repo-addr>
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```
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- **`docker pull <repo-addr>`**: Downloads an image from the specified repository.
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```bash
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docker images
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```
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- **`docker images`**: Lists all images on your system.
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```bash
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docker rmi -f <image-id>
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```
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- **`docker rmi -f <image-id>`**: Forcefully removes the specified image.
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```bash
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docker save -o <file-location-and-name> <image-name>
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```
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- **`docker save -o <file-location>`**: Saves an image as a `.tar` file.
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```bash
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docker load -i <file-location>
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```
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- **`docker load -i <file-location>`**: Loads an image from a `.tar` file.
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---
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### **3.3 Container Management**
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```bash
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docker run <options> <img-name>
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```
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- **`docker run <img-name>`**: Runs a container from the specified image.
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```bash
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docker run -it nginx
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```
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- **`docker run -it`**: Runs a container interactively with a terminal.
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```bash
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docker run -dit nginx
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```
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- **`docker run -dit`**: Runs a container in detached mode (background).
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name <container-name> nginx
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```
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- Creates a named container.
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```bash
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docker run -dit --hostname=<hostname-sv> nginx
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```
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- Assigns a hostname to the container.
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```bash
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docker run -dit -e var1=data --name <container-name> --hostname=<hostname-sv> nginx
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```
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- Sets environment variables and runs a container with a custom name and hostname.
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```bash
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docker run -dit -p <sv_port>:<container_port> nginx
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```
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- Maps a host port to a container port.
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```bash
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docker run -dit -p <sv_port_from>-<sv_port_to>:<container_port_from>-<container_port_to> nginx
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```
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- Maps a range of ports between host and container.
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```bash
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docker run -dit -p 127.0.0.1:<sv_port_from>-<sv_port_to>:<container_port_from>-<container_port_to> nginx
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```
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- Binds container ports to specific IP addresses on the host.
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```bash
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docker logs -f
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```
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- **`docker logs -f`**: Streams logs of a container in real-time.
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```bash
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docker exec -it <container-name>
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```
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- **`docker exec -it <container-name>`**: Opens an interactive terminal inside a running container.
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```bash
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docker stop <container-name>
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```
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- **`docker stop <container-name>`**: Stops a running container.
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```bash
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docker rm <container-name>
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```
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- **`docker rm <container-name>`**: Removes a stopped container.
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```bash
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docker rm -f <container-name>
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```
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- **`docker rm -f <container-name>`**: Forcefully stops and removes a running container.
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```bash
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docker ps -aq
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```
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- **`docker ps -aq`**: Lists all container IDs, including stopped ones.
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```bash
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docker ps -aq -f status=exited
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```
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- **`docker ps -aq -f status=exited`**: Lists only the stopped container IDs.
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```bash
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docker container prune
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```
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- **`docker container prune`**: Removes all stopped containers.
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```bash
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docker commit <container-name> <new-image-name>
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```
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- **`docker commit <container-name> <new-image-name>`**: Creates a new image from a running or stopped container.
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```bash
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docker inspect <container-name>
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```
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- **`docker inspect <container-name>`**: Displays detailed information about a container.
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```bash
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docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <container-name>
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```
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- **`docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <container-name>`**: Retrieves the container's IP address.
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```bash
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docker cp <file_on_local> <container-name>:/<location>
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```
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- **`docker cp <file_on_local> <container-name>:/<location>`**: Copies files from local machine to the container.
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```bash
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docker cp <container-name>:/<location> <local-location>
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```
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- **`docker cp <container-name>:/<location> <local-location>`**: Copies files from the container to the local machine.
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```bash
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docker stats
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```
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- **`docker stats`**: Displays a real-time stream of resource usage for all running containers.
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```bash
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docker build -t <app-name>:<app-ver> <path-to-dockerfile>
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```
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- **`docker build -t <app-name>:<app-ver> <path-to-dockerfile>`**: Builds a Docker image using a Dockerfile.
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---
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## **4. Volume Management**
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```bash
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docker volume ls
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```
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- **`docker volume ls`**: Lists all Docker volumes.
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```bash
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docker volume create <volume-name>
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```
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- **`docker volume create <volume-name>`**: Creates a new volume.
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```bash
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docker volume inspect <volume-name>
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```
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- **`docker volume inspect <volume-name>`**: Shows detailed information about a volume.
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name <container-name> -v <volume-name>:<container-location> <image-name>
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```
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- **`docker run -v <volume-name>:<container-location>`**: Attaches a volume to a container.
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---
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## **5. Network Management**
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```bash
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docker network ls
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```
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- **`docker network ls`**: Lists all Docker networks.
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```bash
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docker network create <network-name>
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```
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- **`docker network create <network-name>`**: Creates a new Docker network.
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```bash
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docker network create --subnet <ip>/<subnet> --gateway <gateway-ip> --driver=<network-type> <network-name>
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```
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- **`docker network create --subnet <ip>/<subnet> --gateway <gateway-ip> --driver=<network-type> <network-name>`**: Creates a custom network with specified settings.
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name <container-name> --network <network-name> <image-name>
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```
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- **`docker run --network <network-name>`**: Runs a container on a specified network.
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```bash
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docker network connect <network-name> <container-name>
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```
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- **`docker network connect <network-name> <container-name>`**: Connects an existing container to a network.
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```bash
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docker network inspect <network-name>
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```
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- **`docker network inspect <network-name>`**: Displays detailed information about a network.
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```bash
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docker network disconnect <network-name> <container-name>
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```
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- **`docker network disconnect <network-name> <container-name>`**: Disconnects a container from a network.
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