7.9 KiB
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7.9 KiB
Executable File
Docker Commands Guide
1. Docker Data Directory
Docker stores its critical files like images, containers, and volumes in specific directories. These are essential for Docker's operation.
/var/lib/docker/: The main directory where Docker stores all its data./var/lib/docker/containers/: Contains configuration files for individual containers./var/lib/docker/volumes/: Stores data for Docker volumes, enabling persistent storage beyond container lifetimes.
2. Installing Docker on Ubuntu
Follow these steps to install Docker on Ubuntu.
Step 1: Update package list and install required packages
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl
sudo apt update: Refreshes the local package list to ensure you download the latest versions.sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl: Installs essential tools likeca-certificatesandcurlfor secure downloads.
Step 2: Add Docker’s GPG key
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings: Creates the/etc/apt/keyringsdirectory with the appropriate permissions.curl -fsSL <url> -o <file>: Downloads Docker’s GPG key securely.chmod a+r: Ensures the GPG key file is readable by all users.
Step 3: Add Docker’s official repository
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
- This command adds Docker's official repository to your Apt sources list.
Step 4: Install Docker
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
docker-ce: Installs Docker Community Edition.docker-ce-cli: The Docker command-line interface.containerd.io: Container runtime.docker-buildx-plugin: Advanced build functionality.docker-compose-plugin: Tool for managing multi-container applications.
3. Docker CLI Commands
3.1 Authentication
docker login
docker login: Prompts for credentials to log in to Docker Hub or a private registry.
3.2 Image Management
docker pull <repo-addr>
docker pull <repo-addr>: Downloads an image from the specified repository.
docker images
docker images: Lists all images on your system.
docker rmi -f <image-id>
docker rmi -f <image-id>: Forcefully removes the specified image.
docker save -o <file-location-and-name> <image-name>
docker save -o <file-location>: Saves an image as a.tarfile.
docker load -i <file-location>
docker load -i <file-location>: Loads an image from a.tarfile.
3.3 Container Management
docker run <options> <img-name>
docker run <img-name>: Runs a container from the specified image.
docker run -it nginx
docker run -it: Runs a container interactively with a terminal.
docker run -dit nginx
docker run -dit: Runs a container in detached mode (background).
docker run -dit --name <container-name> nginx
- Creates a named container.
docker run -dit --hostname=<hostname-sv> nginx
- Assigns a hostname to the container.
docker run -dit -e var1=data --name <container-name> --hostname=<hostname-sv> nginx
- Sets environment variables and runs a container with a custom name and hostname.
docker run -dit -p <sv_port>:<container_port> nginx
- Maps a host port to a container port.
docker run -dit -p <sv_port_from>-<sv_port_to>:<container_port_from>-<container_port_to> nginx
- Maps a range of ports between host and container.
docker run -dit -p 127.0.0.1:<sv_port_from>-<sv_port_to>:<container_port_from>-<container_port_to> nginx
- Binds container ports to specific IP addresses on the host.
docker logs -f
docker logs -f: Streams logs of a container in real-time.
docker exec -it <container-name>
docker exec -it <container-name>: Opens an interactive terminal inside a running container.
docker stop <container-name>
docker stop <container-name>: Stops a running container.
docker rm <container-name>
docker rm <container-name>: Removes a stopped container.
docker rm -f <container-name>
docker rm -f <container-name>: Forcefully stops and removes a running container.
docker ps -aq
docker ps -aq: Lists all container IDs, including stopped ones.
docker ps -aq -f status=exited
docker ps -aq -f status=exited: Lists only the stopped container IDs.
docker container prune
docker container prune: Removes all stopped containers.
docker commit <container-name> <new-image-name>
docker commit <container-name> <new-image-name>: Creates a new image from a running or stopped container.
docker inspect <container-name>
docker inspect <container-name>: Displays detailed information about a container.
docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <container-name>
docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <container-name>: Retrieves the container's IP address.
docker cp <file_on_local> <container-name>:/<location>
docker cp <file_on_local> <container-name>:/<location>: Copies files from local machine to the container.
docker cp <container-name>:/<location> <local-location>
docker cp <container-name>:/<location> <local-location>: Copies files from the container to the local machine.
docker stats
docker stats: Displays a real-time stream of resource usage for all running containers.
docker build -t <app-name>:<app-ver> <path-to-dockerfile>
docker build -t <app-name>:<app-ver> <path-to-dockerfile>: Builds a Docker image using a Dockerfile.
4. Volume Management
docker volume ls
docker volume ls: Lists all Docker volumes.
docker volume create <volume-name>
docker volume create <volume-name>: Creates a new volume.
docker volume inspect <volume-name>
docker volume inspect <volume-name>: Shows detailed information about a volume.
docker run -dit --name <container-name> -v <volume-name>:<container-location> <image-name>
docker run -v <volume-name>:<container-location>: Attaches a volume to a container.
5. Network Management
docker network ls
docker network ls: Lists all Docker networks.
docker network create <network-name>
docker network create <network-name>: Creates a new Docker network.
docker network create --subnet <ip>/<subnet> --gateway <gateway-ip> --driver=<network-type> <network-name>
docker network create --subnet <ip>/<subnet> --gateway <gateway-ip> --driver=<network-type> <network-name>: Creates a custom network with specified settings.
docker run -dit --name <container-name> --network <network-name> <image-name>
docker run --network <network-name>: Runs a container on a specified network.
docker network connect <network-name> <container-name>
docker network connect <network-name> <container-name>: Connects an existing container to a network.
docker network inspect <network-name>
docker network inspect <network-name>: Displays detailed information about a network.
docker network disconnect <network-name> <container-name>
docker network disconnect <network-name> <container-name>: Disconnects a container from a network.