111 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
111 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
# 📘 Disk Partitioning Guide: MBR & GPT using `fdisk` and `gdisk`
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## 🔹 Overview
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* Use `**fdisk**` for **MBR (Master Boot Record)** partitioning.
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* For **GPT (GUID Partition Table)**, the recommended tool is `**gdisk**`, but `fdisk` also supports GPT.
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---
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## 🧰 Disk Partitioning with `fdisk`
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### 🔍 List Partitions
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| Command | Description |
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| ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
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| `fdisk -l` | Show list of available partitions |
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| `fdisk -x` | Show list with extended information |
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### ⚙️ Launch `fdisk`
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```bash
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fdisk /dev/sdX
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```
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Replace `/dev/sdX` with your actual disk name (e.g., `/dev/sdb`).
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---
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### 📖 Inside `fdisk`
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Once inside the `fdisk` prompt:
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| Key | Function |
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| --- | --------------------------------- |
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| `m` | Show help |
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| `p` | Print partition table (disk info) |
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| `n` | Create new partition |
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| `t` | Change partition type |
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| `w` | Write changes and exit |
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#### ➕ Creating a Partition (`n`)
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* Choose **`p`** for **primary** or **`e`** for **extended** partition.
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* MBR allows **4 primary** partitions. One of them can be **extended**, which can hold **logical** partitions.
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#### 📏 Define Partition Size
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Example:
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```bash
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+512M
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```
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---
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## 🧱 Create Filesystem
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To format the partition with `ext4`:
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```bash
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
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```
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---
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## 🔗 Get Partition UUID
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Option 1: After formatting, the UUID is shown in output.
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Option 2: Use `blkid` to retrieve it:
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```bash
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blkid
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```
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---
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## 📝 Mount Using `/etc/fstab`
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1. Open the `fstab` configuration file:
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```bash
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vim /etc/fstab
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```
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2. Add the following line:
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```
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/dev/disk/by-uuid/<UUID> <mount_path> <filesystem> defaults 0 1
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```
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### Example:
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```
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/dev/disk/by-uuid/1eb043d2-f2ee-4a69-a7c4-13c283c3ccc6 /test ext4 defaults 0 1
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```
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This ensures the partition is mounted automatically at boot.
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---
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## ✅ Summary
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| Task | Command/Action |
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| ------------------ | --------------------- |
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| List partitions | `fdisk -l` |
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| Start partitioning | `fdisk /dev/sdX` |
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| Format partition | `mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1` |
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| Get UUID | `blkid` |
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| Edit fstab | `vim /etc/fstab` |
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