286 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
286 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
# **Docker Commands Guide**
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## **1. Docker Data Directories**
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Docker stores essential data, including images, containers, and volumes, in specific directories.
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- **`/var/lib/docker/`**: Main directory for Docker's data, including images, containers, and volumes.
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- **`/var/lib/docker/containers/`**: Stores configuration files for individual containers.
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- **`/var/lib/docker/volumes/`**: Stores data for Docker volumes, which persist beyond the container’s lifecycle.
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---
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## **2. Installing Docker on Ubuntu**
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### **Step 1: Update Package List and Install Dependencies**
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```bash
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl
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```
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- **`sudo apt update`**: Refreshes the package list.
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- **`sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl`**: Installs certificates and `curl` to securely download Docker packages.
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### **Step 2: Add Docker’s GPG Key**
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```bash
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sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
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curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
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sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
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```
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- **`install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings`**: Creates the `/etc/apt/keyrings` directory with appropriate permissions.
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- **`curl -fsSL <url> -o <file>`**: Downloads Docker’s GPG key.
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- **`chmod a+r`**: Grants read permissions for all users to the GPG key.
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### **Step 3: Add Docker’s Official Repository**
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```bash
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echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
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```
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- Adds Docker’s repository to the Apt sources list.
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### **Step 4: Install Docker**
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```bash
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
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```
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- **`docker-ce`**: Installs Docker Community Edition.
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- **`docker-ce-cli`**: Docker command-line interface.
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- **`containerd.io`**: Container runtime.
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- **`docker-buildx-plugin`**: Provides advanced build functionality.
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- **`docker-compose-plugin`**: Manages multi-container applications.
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---
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## **3. Docker CLI Commands**
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### **3.1 Authentication**
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```bash
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docker login
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```
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- **`docker login`**: Logs into Docker Hub or a private registry by prompting for credentials.
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### **3.2 Image Management**
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- **Download an image:**
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```bash
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docker pull <repo-addr>
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```
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- Downloads an image from a repository.
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- **List images:**
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```bash
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docker images
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```
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- Displays all available images.
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- **Remove an image:**
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```bash
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docker rmi -f <image-id>
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```
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- Forcefully removes a specific image.
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- **Save an image as a `.tar` file:**
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```bash
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docker save -o <file-location-and-name> <image-name>
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```
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- **Load an image from a `.tar` file:**
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```bash
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docker load -i <file-location>
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```
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### **3.3 Container Management**
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- **Run a container:**
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```bash
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docker run <options> <image-name>
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```
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- **Run an interactive container with a terminal:**
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```bash
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docker run -it <image-name>
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```
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- **Run a container in detached mode:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit <image-name>
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```
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- **Set a container to always restart:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit --restart=always <image-name>
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```
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- **Name a container:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name <container-name> <image-name>
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```
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- **Assign a hostname:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit --hostname=<hostname> <image-name>
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```
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- **Set environment variables:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit -e var1=data --name <container-name> --hostname=<hostname> <image-name>
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```
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- **Map host and container ports:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit -p <host-port>:<container-port> <image-name>
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```
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- **Run a container with memory and CPU limits:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name nginx --memory-reservation 150m --memory 500m nginx
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```
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- Limits memory reservation to 150MB and usage to a maximum of 500MB.
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name nginx --cpus 2 --cpu-shares 100 nginx
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```
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- Limits the container to 2 CPUs.
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- **Stream container logs in real-time:**
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```bash
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docker logs -f <container-name>
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```
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- **Access a container’s terminal:**
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```bash
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docker exec -it <container-name> /bin/bash
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```
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- **Stop a container:**
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```bash
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docker stop <container-name>
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```
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- **Remove a container:**
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```bash
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docker rm <container-name>
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```
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- **Forcefully remove a running container:**
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```bash
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docker rm -f <container-name>
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```
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- **List all container IDs (including stopped):**
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```bash
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docker ps -aq
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```
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- **Prune stopped containers:**
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```bash
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docker container prune
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```
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- **Commit a container to an image:**
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```bash
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docker commit <container-name> <new-image-name>
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```
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- **Inspect container details:**
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```bash
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docker inspect <container-name>
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```
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- **Copy files between host and container:**
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```bash
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docker cp <file-on-local> <container-name>:/<container-path>
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```
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```bash
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docker cp <container-name>:/<container-path> <local-path>
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```
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- **View real-time container resource usage:**
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```bash
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docker stats
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```
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- **Build an image from a Dockerfile:**
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```bash
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docker build -t <app-name>:<app-version> <path-to-dockerfile>
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```
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---
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## **4. Volume Management**
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Volumes store data that persists even when a container is deleted.
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- **List all volumes:**
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```bash
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docker volume ls
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```
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- **Create a volume:**
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```bash
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docker volume create <volume-name>
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```
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- **Inspect a volume:**
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```bash
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docker volume inspect <volume-name>
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```
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- **Mount a volume to a container:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name <container-name> -v <volume-name>:<container-path> <image-name>
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```
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- **Mount a file with read-only access:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name nginx -v /etc/resolv.conf:/etc/resolv.conf:ro nginx
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```
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- **Mount temporary filesystem in memory:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name nginx --tmpfs /opt:100M nginx
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```
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---
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## **5. Network Management**
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Docker networks allow communication between containers.
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- **List all networks:**
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```bash
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docker network ls
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```
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- **Create a network:**
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```bash
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docker network create <network-name>
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```
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- **Create a custom network with subnet and gateway:**
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```bash
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docker network create --subnet <subnet> --gateway <gateway-ip> --driver=<network-type> <network-name>
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```
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- **Run a container on a specific network:**
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```bash
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docker run -dit --name <container-name> --network <network-name> <image-name>
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```
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- **Connect a running container to a network:**
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```bash
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docker network connect <network-name> <container-name>
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```
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- **Disconnect a container from a network:**
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```bash
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docker network disconnect <network-name> <container-name>
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```
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---
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## **6. System Commands**
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- **Show Docker Disk usage:**
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```bash
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docker system df
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```
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- **Remove Unuse Cache,Container And More**
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- ```bash
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- docker system prune
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- ```
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-
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-
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