linux doc : disk manage

Linux/Basic Administration/25-disk-manage.md

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# 📘 Disk Partitioning Guide: MBR & GPT using `fdisk` and `gdisk`
+
+## 🔹 Overview
+
+* Use `**fdisk**` for **MBR (Master Boot Record)** partitioning.
+* For **GPT (GUID Partition Table)**, the recommended tool is `**gdisk**`, but `fdisk` also supports GPT.
+
+---
+
+## 🧰 Disk Partitioning with `fdisk`
+
+### 🔍 List Partitions
+
+| Command    | Description                         |
+| ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
+| `fdisk -l` | Show list of available partitions   |
+| `fdisk -x` | Show list with extended information |
+
+### ⚙️ Launch `fdisk`
+
+```bash
+fdisk /dev/sdX
+```
+
+Replace `/dev/sdX` with your actual disk name (e.g., `/dev/sdb`).
+
+---
+
+### 📖 Inside `fdisk`
+
+Once inside the `fdisk` prompt:
+
+| Key | Function                          |
+| --- | --------------------------------- |
+| `m` | Show help                         |
+| `p` | Print partition table (disk info) |
+| `n` | Create new partition              |
+| `t` | Change partition type             |
+| `w` | Write changes and exit            |
+
+#### ➕ Creating a Partition (`n`)
+
+* Choose **`p`** for **primary** or **`e`** for **extended** partition.
+* MBR allows **4 primary** partitions. One of them can be **extended**, which can hold **logical** partitions.
+
+#### 📏 Define Partition Size
+
+Example:
+
+```bash
++512M
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🧱 Create Filesystem
+
+To format the partition with `ext4`:
+
+```bash
+mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🔗 Get Partition UUID
+
+Option 1: After formatting, the UUID is shown in output.
+Option 2: Use `blkid` to retrieve it:
+
+```bash
+blkid
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📝 Mount Using `/etc/fstab`
+
+1. Open the `fstab` configuration file:
+
+```bash
+vim /etc/fstab
+```
+
+2. Add the following line:
+
+```
+/dev/disk/by-uuid/<UUID> <mount_path> <filesystem> defaults 0 1
+```
+
+### Example:
+
+```
+/dev/disk/by-uuid/1eb043d2-f2ee-4a69-a7c4-13c283c3ccc6 /test ext4 defaults 0 1
+```
+
+This ensures the partition is mounted automatically at boot.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Summary
+
+| Task               | Command/Action        |
+| ------------------ | --------------------- |
+| List partitions    | `fdisk -l`            |
+| Start partitioning | `fdisk /dev/sdX`      |
+| Format partition   | `mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1` |
+| Get UUID           | `blkid`               |
+| Edit fstab         | `vim /etc/fstab`      |
+