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Data Types In Python : # Python Data Types and Basic Operations
## Data Types Overview
int : normal numbers like (1 , -100 , 20326 ,0 , ..) | Type | Description | Examples |
float : | :--- | :--- | :--- |
string: txts in "" | **int** | Normal whole numbers. | `1`, `-100`, `20326`, `0` |
list [1,2,3,4,5] or ['abbas', 2 ,-10 , 2.65] | **float** | Numbers with decimal points. | (No example provided) |
dictionary: {'name': abbas , 'l_name': 'gholi'} | **string** | Text enclosed in quotes. | `"txt"` |
set: like set but dont have duplications | **list** | Ordered, changeable collection of items. | `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]`, `['abbas', 2, -10, 2.65]` |
| **dictionary** | Unordered, changeable collection of key-value pairs. | `{'name': 'abbas', 'l_name': 'gholi'}` |
| **set** | Unordered collection that does not allow duplicate members. | Like `set`, but no duplications. |
**Checking Type:**
```python ```python
print(type(var)) # Return Varible Type print(type(var)) # Return Variable Type
``` ```
strings:
strings is imutable (can,t change after set string with str[0]='i') ---
## Strings
Strings are **immutable** (cannot be changed after creation, e.g., `str[0] = 'i'` fails).
### String Indexing and Slicing
Indexing starts at 0. Negative indexing starts from the end (-1 is the last character).
```python ```python
string="this is string about abbas gholi #1" string="this is string about abbas gholi #1"
print(string[0]) # --> Return t print(string[0]) # --> Return t
print(string[1:3]) # --> Return his print(string[1:3]) # --> Return hi (End index is exclusive)
print(string[-1]) # --> Return 1 print(string[-1]) # --> Return 1
# [start : end] # Format: [start : end]
``` ```
**Note on slicing examples provided (These might be incorrect based on standard Python slicing):**
```python ```python
string='012345678' string='012345678'
print(string[5]) # --> return '5' print(string[5]) # --> return '5'
print(string[1,5]) # --> return '1234' # print(string[1,5]) # Incorrect syntax for standard slicing
print(string[1,4,2]) # --> return 13 # print(string[1,4,2]) # Incorrect syntax for standard slicing
print(string[::-1]) # --> return 876543210 print(string[::-1]) # --> return 876543210 (Reverses the string)
``` ```
### Multi-line Strings
Use triple quotes (`"""` or `'''`) for strings spanning multiple lines, including newlines and quotes.
```python ```python
# String With Enter Every Char
""" """
Hi This Is String Without Any Limits Like Hi This Is String Without Any Limits Like
enter enter
@@ -40,88 +56,106 @@ and any more
""" """
``` ```
### String Methods
string methods:
```python ```python
string="AbbAsGholi string="AbbAsGholi"
print(string.upper()) # Return ABBASGHOLI print(string.upper()) # Return ABBASGHOLI
print(string.lower()) # Return abbasgholi print(string.lower()) # Return abbasgholi
print(string.islower()) # Return False print(string.islower()) # Return False
print(string.index('i')) # Return 8 print(string.index('i')) # Return 8 (Index of first occurrence)
``` ```
**Splitting Strings:**
```python ```python
string = "abbas,mmd,asghar" string = "abbas,mmd,asghar"
list_strings = string.split(",") list_strings = string.split(",")
print(list_strings) # out put is : ['abbas','mmd','asghar'] print(list_strings) # out put is : ['abbas','mmd','asghar']
``` ```
### String Formatting
Multiple ways to embed variables into strings:
| Method | Example |
| :--- | :--- |
| `%` formatting | `final_data = " Information: first_name: %s , last_name: %s , age : %i" % (f_name,l_name,age)` |
| `.format()` (Positional) | `final_data = "Information: first_name: {} , last_name: {} , age : {}".format(f_name,l_name,age)` |
| `.format()` (Indexed) | `final_data = "Information: first_name: {0} , last_name: {1} , age : {2}".format(f_name,l_name,age)` |
| `.format()` (Named) | `final_data = "Information: first_name: {f} , last_name: {l} , age : {a}".format(f=f_name,l=l_name,a=age)` |
| **F-Strings (Recommended)** | `final_data = f"Information: first_name: {f_name} , last_name: {l_name} , age : {age}"` |
---
## Lists
Lists are ordered and mutable (changeable).
### Accessing and Length
```python ```python
f_name = 'abbas' list = [1, 2, 3, 'pizze']
l_name = 'gholi' print(list[0]) # Return 1
age = 25 print(list[1:3]) # Return [2, 3]
final_data = " Information: first_name: %s , last_name: %s , age : %i" % (f_name,l_name,age) print(list[-1]) # Return 'pizze'
final_data = "Information: first_name: {} , last_name: {} , age : {}".format(f_name,l_name,age)
final_data = "Information: first_name: {0} , last_name: {1} , age : {2}".format(f_name,l_name,age)
final_data = "Information: first_name: {f} , last_name: {l} , age : {a}".format(f=f_name,l=l_name,a=age)
final_data = f"Information: first_name: {f_name} , last_name: {l_name} , age : {age}"
```
lists:
```python
list = [1,2,3,'pizze']
print(list[0]) # Return 1
print(list[1:3]) # Return 2,3
print(list[-1]) # Return 'pizze'
print(len(list)) # Return 4 print(len(list)) # Return 4
print(list.count(3)) # return 3 ```
### List Modification and Methods
```python
list = [1, 2, 3, 'pizze']
print(list.count(3)) # return 1 (Assuming you meant count of '3')
# Pop (removes and returns the last item)
list_last_value = list.pop() list_last_value = list.pop()
print(list_last_value,list) # return 'pizze' , [1,2,3] print(list_last_value, list) # return 'pizze' , [1, 2, 3]
```
```python # Sorting
list = [9,5,1,10] list_sort = [9, 5, 1, 10]
list.sort() list_sort.sort()
print(list) # [1,5,9,10] print(list_sort) # [1, 5, 9, 10]
# Mutability (Changing an element)
list_mut = [9, 5, 1, 10]
list_mut[0] = 2
print(list_mut) # [2, 5, 1, 10]
# Reversing
list_mut.reverse()
print(list_mut) # [10, 1, 5, 2]
``` ```
```python ---
list = [9,5,1,10]
list[0] = 2
print(list) # [2,5,1,10]
list.reverse()
print(list) # [10,2,5,2]
```
## Dictionaries
dictionary: Dictionaries store data in key-value pairs and are mutable.
**Note:** The structure provided in the original input for nested fruits is missing commas between key-value pairs, which causes a syntax error in standard Python. The corrected structure is assumed below for accessing methods.
**Assumed Corrected Structure:**
```python ```python
price = { price = {
"oil": 500000, "oil": 500000,
"egg": 350000 "egg": 350000,
"frute" : { "frute" : {
"apple": 100000 "apple": 100000,
"orange": 120000 "orange": 120000
} }
} }
print(price['oil'])
print(price['frute']['apple'])
print(price.keys()) # show keys
print(price.values()) # show values
print(price.items()) # show all key , values
print(price.get('egg')) # Return egg
print(price.get('water'),-1) # return -1
``` ```
### Dictionary Access and Methods
boolian: ```python
print(price['oil']) # Access by key: Return 500000
print(price['frute']['apple']) # Nested access: Return 100000
print(price.keys()) # show keys
print(price.values()) # show values
print(price.items()) # show all key , values
print(price.get('egg')) # Return egg value (350000)
print(price.get('water'), -1) # Return default value (-1) if key 'water' is not found
```

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