update data type doc
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Data Types In Python :
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# Python Data Types and Basic Operations
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## Data Types Overview
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int : normal numbers like (1 , -100 , 20326 ,0 , ..)
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float :
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string: txts in ""
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list [1,2,3,4,5] or ['abbas', 2 ,-10 , 2.65]
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dictionary: {'name': abbas , 'l_name': 'gholi'}
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set: like set but dont have duplications
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| Type | Description | Examples |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| **int** | Normal whole numbers. | `1`, `-100`, `20326`, `0` |
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| **float** | Numbers with decimal points. | (No example provided) |
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| **string** | Text enclosed in quotes. | `"txt"` |
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| **list** | Ordered, changeable collection of items. | `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]`, `['abbas', 2, -10, 2.65]` |
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| **dictionary** | Unordered, changeable collection of key-value pairs. | `{'name': 'abbas', 'l_name': 'gholi'}` |
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| **set** | Unordered collection that does not allow duplicate members. | Like `set`, but no duplications. |
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**Checking Type:**
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```python
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print(type(var)) # Return Varible Type
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print(type(var)) # Return Variable Type
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```
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strings:
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strings is imutable (can,t change after set string with str[0]='i')
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---
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## Strings
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Strings are **immutable** (cannot be changed after creation, e.g., `str[0] = 'i'` fails).
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### String Indexing and Slicing
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Indexing starts at 0. Negative indexing starts from the end (-1 is the last character).
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```python
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string="this is string about abbas gholi #1"
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print(string[0]) # --> Return t
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print(string[1:3]) # --> Return his
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print(string[-1]) # --> Return 1
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# [start : end]
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print(string[0]) # --> Return t
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print(string[1:3]) # --> Return hi (End index is exclusive)
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print(string[-1]) # --> Return 1
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# Format: [start : end]
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```
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**Note on slicing examples provided (These might be incorrect based on standard Python slicing):**
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```python
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string='012345678'
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print(string[5]) # --> return '5'
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print(string[1,5]) # --> return '1234'
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print(string[1,4,2]) # --> return 13
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print(string[::-1]) # --> return 876543210
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print(string[5]) # --> return '5'
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# print(string[1,5]) # Incorrect syntax for standard slicing
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# print(string[1,4,2]) # Incorrect syntax for standard slicing
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print(string[::-1]) # --> return 876543210 (Reverses the string)
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```
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### Multi-line Strings
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Use triple quotes (`"""` or `'''`) for strings spanning multiple lines, including newlines and quotes.
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```python
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# String With Enter Every Char
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"""
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Hi This Is String Without Any Limits Like
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enter
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@@ -40,88 +56,106 @@ and any more
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"""
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```
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string methods:
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### String Methods
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```python
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string="AbbAsGholi
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string="AbbAsGholi"
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print(string.upper()) # Return ABBASGHOLI
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print(string.lower()) # Return abbasgholi
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print(string.islower()) # Return False
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print(string.index('i')) # Return 8
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print(string.index('i')) # Return 8 (Index of first occurrence)
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```
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**Splitting Strings:**
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```python
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string = "abbas,mmd,asghar"
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list_strings = string.split(",")
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print(list_strings) # out put is : ['abbas','mmd','asghar']
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```
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### String Formatting
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Multiple ways to embed variables into strings:
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| Method | Example |
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| :--- | :--- |
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| `%` formatting | `final_data = " Information: first_name: %s , last_name: %s , age : %i" % (f_name,l_name,age)` |
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| `.format()` (Positional) | `final_data = "Information: first_name: {} , last_name: {} , age : {}".format(f_name,l_name,age)` |
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| `.format()` (Indexed) | `final_data = "Information: first_name: {0} , last_name: {1} , age : {2}".format(f_name,l_name,age)` |
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| `.format()` (Named) | `final_data = "Information: first_name: {f} , last_name: {l} , age : {a}".format(f=f_name,l=l_name,a=age)` |
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| **F-Strings (Recommended)** | `final_data = f"Information: first_name: {f_name} , last_name: {l_name} , age : {age}"` |
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---
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## Lists
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Lists are ordered and mutable (changeable).
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### Accessing and Length
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```python
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f_name = 'abbas'
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l_name = 'gholi'
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age = 25
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final_data = " Information: first_name: %s , last_name: %s , age : %i" % (f_name,l_name,age)
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final_data = "Information: first_name: {} , last_name: {} , age : {}".format(f_name,l_name,age)
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final_data = "Information: first_name: {0} , last_name: {1} , age : {2}".format(f_name,l_name,age)
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final_data = "Information: first_name: {f} , last_name: {l} , age : {a}".format(f=f_name,l=l_name,a=age)
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final_data = f"Information: first_name: {f_name} , last_name: {l_name} , age : {age}"
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```
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lists:
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```python
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list = [1,2,3,'pizze']
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print(list[0]) # Return 1
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print(list[1:3]) # Return 2,3
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print(list[-1]) # Return 'pizze'
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list = [1, 2, 3, 'pizze']
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print(list[0]) # Return 1
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print(list[1:3]) # Return [2, 3]
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print(list[-1]) # Return 'pizze'
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print(len(list)) # Return 4
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print(list.count(3)) # return 3
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```
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### List Modification and Methods
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```python
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list = [1, 2, 3, 'pizze']
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print(list.count(3)) # return 1 (Assuming you meant count of '3')
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# Pop (removes and returns the last item)
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list_last_value = list.pop()
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print(list_last_value,list) # return 'pizze' , [1,2,3]
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```
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print(list_last_value, list) # return 'pizze' , [1, 2, 3]
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```python
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list = [9,5,1,10]
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list.sort()
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print(list) # [1,5,9,10]
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# Sorting
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list_sort = [9, 5, 1, 10]
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list_sort.sort()
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print(list_sort) # [1, 5, 9, 10]
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# Mutability (Changing an element)
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list_mut = [9, 5, 1, 10]
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list_mut[0] = 2
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print(list_mut) # [2, 5, 1, 10]
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# Reversing
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list_mut.reverse()
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print(list_mut) # [10, 1, 5, 2]
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```
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```python
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list = [9,5,1,10]
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list[0] = 2
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print(list) # [2,5,1,10]
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list.reverse()
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print(list) # [10,2,5,2]
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```
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---
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## Dictionaries
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dictionary:
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Dictionaries store data in key-value pairs and are mutable.
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**Note:** The structure provided in the original input for nested fruits is missing commas between key-value pairs, which causes a syntax error in standard Python. The corrected structure is assumed below for accessing methods.
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**Assumed Corrected Structure:**
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```python
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price = {
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"oil": 500000,
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"egg": 350000
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"egg": 350000,
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"frute" : {
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"apple": 100000
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"apple": 100000,
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"orange": 120000
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}
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}
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print(price['oil'])
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print(price['frute']['apple'])
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print(price.keys()) # show keys
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print(price.values()) # show values
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print(price.items()) # show all key , values
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print(price.get('egg')) # Return egg
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print(price.get('water'),-1) # return -1
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```
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### Dictionary Access and Methods
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boolian:
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```python
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print(price['oil']) # Access by key: Return 500000
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print(price['frute']['apple']) # Nested access: Return 100000
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print(price.keys()) # show keys
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print(price.values()) # show values
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print(price.items()) # show all key , values
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print(price.get('egg')) # Return egg value (350000)
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print(price.get('water'), -1) # Return default value (-1) if key 'water' is not found
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```
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Docs/Basic/02-fileio.md
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Docs/Basic/02-fileio.md
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