my-docs/Linux/Basic Administration/02-directorys.md

📁 Linux Directory Structure & Basic Commands

This document provides an overview of important Linux directories, their types, and essential file management commands.

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📂 Directory Types

Type	Description
Virtual	Do not reside on disk; dynamically generated by the system (e.g., /proc, /sys).
Normal	Standard directories that store files and data on disk.

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🗂️ Common Linux Directories

Directory	Type	Description
/etc	Normal	System configuration files
/opt	Normal	Optional or third-party software packages
/bin	Normal	Essential binary executables for all users
/sbin	Normal	System binaries, typically for administrative tasks
/lib	Normal	Shared libraries and kernel modules
/home	Normal	User home directories
/proc	Virtual	Kernel and process information (virtual files)
/srv	Normal	Data for services provided by the system (e.g., web, FTP)
/sys	Virtual	Kernel devices and system information
/usr	Normal	Secondary hierarchy: programs, libraries, and documentation
/var	Normal	Variable data: logs, mail, print spool, temporary files
/dev	Virtual	Device files (e.g., disk, USB, terminals)
/mnt	Normal	Mount point for temporary filesystems
/boot	Normal	Boot loader files, kernel images

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🛠️ Basic File & Directory Commands

Command	Description
cd	Change directory
ls	List directory contents
rm	Remove files or directories
mkdir	Create a new directory
touch	Create an empty file or update timestamp
cp	Copy files or directories
mv	Move or rename files or directories

📘 Examples

cd /etc           # Navigate to /etc directory
ls -l             # List files in long format
rm file.txt       # Delete file.txt
mkdir new_folder  # Create a directory named 'new_folder'
touch file.txt    # Create a new empty file
cp file1.txt file2.txt  # Copy file1.txt to file2.txt
mv file.txt /home/user/ # Move file.txt to another directory