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Git Commands Guide
Getting Started with Git
1. Installing Git
Before you begin, ensure Git is installed on your machine. You can download it from git-scm.com.
2. Check Git Installation
To verify that Git is installed, run:
git --version
3. Configure Git User Information
Set up your name and email address, which will be used for your commits:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
Configuring Git to Use a Custom SSH Key
If you need to use a specific SSH key for your Git operations, you can configure Git as follows:
git config --add --local core.sshCommand 'ssh -i <PATH_TO_SSH_KEY>'
For Clone With Custom SSH Key Use:
git -c core.sshCommand="ssh -i <key-path>" clone host:repo
Replace <PATH_TO_SSH_KEY> with the actual path to your SSH key file.
Creating and Managing a Local Git Repository
1. Initialize a Git Repository
Start by creating a new Git repository in your local project directory:
git init -b main
The -b main flag sets the default branch name to "main".
2. Add Files and Commit Changes
Next, stage all your files and create your initial commit:
git add -A
git commit -m "Initial Commit"
The git add -A command stages all changes, while the git commit command records those changes with a descriptive message.
3. Connect to a Remote Repository
Now, link your local repository to a remote GitHub repository:
git remote add origin <Repo-Link>
Replace <Repo-Link> with the URL of your GitHub repository.
4. Push Changes to GitHub
Finally, push your initial commit to the remote repository:
git push origin main
Common Git Commands for Beginners
1. Check the Status of Your Repository
To see which changes are staged, unstaged, or untracked:
git status
2. View Commit History
To view the commit history of your repository:
git log
You can press q to exit the log view.
3. Viewing Changes
To see changes made to files before staging them:
git diff
4. Staging Individual Files
If you want to stage specific files instead of all changes:
git add <filename>
Replace <filename> with the name of the file you wish to stage.
5. Undoing Changes
To unstage a file that you added by mistake:
git reset <filename>
To discard changes in a file and revert it to the last committed state:
git checkout -- <filename>
6. Cloning a Repository
If you want to create a copy of an existing remote repository:
git clone <Repo-Link>
Replace <Repo-Link> with the URL of the repository you want to clone.
7. Creating a New Branch
To create a new branch for development:
git checkout -b <branch-name>
Replace <branch-name> with your desired branch name.
8. Merging Branches
To merge changes from another branch into your current branch:
git merge <branch-name>