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# 🐳 Containerd and Kubernetes Installation Guide
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A comprehensive step-by-step guide for setting up a Kubernetes cluster using **Containerd** as the container runtime. This guide is intended for Ubuntu-based systems.
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---
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# Containerd and Kubernetes Installation Guide
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## ⚙️ 1. Disable Swap
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## 1. Disable Swap
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Turn off swap and disable it permanently.
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Kubernetes requires swap to be disabled for proper scheduling and memory management.
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```bash
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swapoff -a
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sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab
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sudo swapoff -a
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sudo sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab
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```
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## 2. Enable Required Kernel Modules
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Create a configuration file to load necessary kernel modules and load them temporarily.
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---
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## 🧩 2. Enable Required Kernel Modules
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Load the necessary kernel modules for networking and overlay file systems.
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```bash
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echo -e "overlay\nbr_netfilter" | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
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overlay
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br_netfilter
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EOF
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sudo modprobe overlay
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sudo modprobe br_netfilter
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```
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## 3. Enable IPv4 Forwarding
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Enable IPv4 forwarding in the sysctl configuration and apply the changes.
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---
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## 🌐 3. Enable IPv4 Forwarding
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Enable packet forwarding to allow pods to communicate across the network.
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```bash
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sed -i 's/#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1/net.ipv4.ip_forward=1/' /etc/sysctl.conf
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sysctl -p
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```
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## 4. Configure Containerd
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Generate the default configuration for Containerd and modify it to use systemd as the cgroup driver.
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```bash
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containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
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sudo sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/' /etc/containerd/config.toml
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sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf <<EOF
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
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net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
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EOF
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sudo sysctl --system
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```
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## 5. Install Kubernetes
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Add the Kubernetes package repository and install the required packages.
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---
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## 📦 4. Install and Configure Containerd
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Install and configure **Containerd** with `systemd` as the cgroup driver.
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```bash
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerd
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
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containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
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sudo sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/' /etc/containerd/config.toml
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sudo systemctl restart containerd
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sudo systemctl enable containerd
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```
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---
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## ⎈ 5. Install Kubernetes Components
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Add the Kubernetes repository and install the core components: `kubelet`, `kubeadm`, and `kubectl`.
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```bash
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
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curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
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echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
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echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
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sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
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```
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## 6. Enable kubelet
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Enable and start the kubelet service.
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```bash
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sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet
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```
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## 7. Initialize the Kubernetes Cluster
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Initialize the Kubernetes control plane with the specified parameters.
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```bash
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sudo kubeadm init --control-plane-endpoint 192.168.2.100 --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.2.100 --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 | tee kuber-install.log
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```
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## 8. Create Control Plane Join Command
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Create the control plane join command and save it for later use.
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```bash
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sudo kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs
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Copy the output certificate key and run the following command, replacing <CERTIFICATE_KEY> with the copied key.
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sudo kubeadm token create --certificate-key <CERTIFICATE_KEY> --print-join-command | tee cp-command.txt
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```
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## 9. Join Control Plane and Worker Nodes
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Use the command from cp-command.txt on your control plane nodes to join them. Additionally, get the join command for worker nodes from kuber-install.log and run it on each worker node.
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---
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This revised guide provides clear, step-by-step instructions, making it easier to follow and ensuring all necessary actions are covered.
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## 🔁 6. Enable Kubelet Service
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Start and enable the kubelet to run on system boot.
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```bash
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sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet
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```
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---
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## 🚀 7. Initialize the Kubernetes Control Plane
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Initialize the cluster. Replace the IP with your master node's IP address.
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```bash
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sudo kubeadm init \
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--control-plane-endpoint 192.168.2.100 \
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--apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.2.100 \
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--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 | tee kuber-install.log
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```
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---
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## 🛠 8. Configure kubectl Access
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Set up `kubectl` for the current (non-root) user.
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```bash
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mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
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sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
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sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
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```
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---
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## 🧾 9. Create Control Plane Join Command
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Generate a command for other control plane nodes to join the cluster.
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```bash
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sudo kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs
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```
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Copy the **certificate key** from the output above and run:
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```bash
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sudo kubeadm token create --certificate-key <CERTIFICATE_KEY> --print-join-command | tee cp-command.txt
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```
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Replace `<CERTIFICATE_KEY>` with the actual key.
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---
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## 🧑🤝🧑 10. Join Control Plane and Worker Nodes
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* **Control Plane Nodes**: Use the command from `cp-command.txt` on each node.
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* **Worker Nodes**: Use the `kubeadm join` command printed at the end of the `kubeadm init` output or found in `kuber-install.log`.
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---
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## ✅ Final Step: Install a Pod Network Add-on
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Choose and apply a pod network add-on (e.g., Flannel, Calico, Cilium). Here's an example with Flannel:
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```bash
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
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```
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---
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🎉 **Your Kubernetes cluster is now up and running!**
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Ensure all nodes are ready by running:
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```bash
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kubectl get nodes
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```
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