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Containerization-Orchestration/Kubernetes/2-Installtion.md

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+# 🐳 Containerd and Kubernetes Installation Guide
+
+A comprehensive step-by-step guide for setting up a Kubernetes cluster using **Containerd** as the container runtime. This guide is intended for Ubuntu-based systems.
+
+---
+
+## ⚙️ 1. Disable Swap
+
+Kubernetes requires swap to be disabled for proper scheduling and memory management.
+
+```bash
+sudo swapoff -a
+sudo sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🧩 2. Enable Required Kernel Modules
+
+Load the necessary kernel modules for networking and overlay file systems.
+
+```bash
+cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
+overlay
+br_netfilter
+EOF
+
+sudo modprobe overlay
+sudo modprobe br_netfilter
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🌐 3. Enable IPv4 Forwarding
+
+Enable packet forwarding to allow pods to communicate across the network.
+
+```bash
+sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf <<EOF
+net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
+net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
+net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
+EOF
+
+sudo sysctl --system
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📦 4. Install and Configure Containerd
+
+Install and configure **Containerd** with `systemd` as the cgroup driver.
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerd
+
+sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
+containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
+
+sudo sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/' /etc/containerd/config.toml
+
+sudo systemctl restart containerd
+sudo systemctl enable containerd
+```
+
+---
+
+## ⎈ 5. Install Kubernetes Components
+
+Add the Kubernetes repository and install the core components: `kubelet`, `kubeadm`, and `kubectl`.
+
+```bash
+sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
+curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
+
+echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
+
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
+sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🔁 6. Enable Kubelet Service
+
+Start and enable the kubelet to run on system boot.
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🚀 7. Initialize the Kubernetes Control Plane
+
+Initialize the cluster. Replace the IP with your master node's IP address.
+
+```bash
+sudo kubeadm init \
+  --control-plane-endpoint 192.168.2.100 \
+  --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.2.100 \
+  --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 | tee kuber-install.log
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🛠 8. Configure kubectl Access
+
+Set up `kubectl` for the current (non-root) user.
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
+sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
+sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🧾 9. Create Control Plane Join Command
+
+Generate a command for other control plane nodes to join the cluster.
+
+```bash
+sudo kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs
+```
+
+Copy the **certificate key** from the output above and run:
+
+```bash
+sudo kubeadm token create --certificate-key <CERTIFICATE_KEY> --print-join-command | tee cp-command.txt
+```
+
+Replace `<CERTIFICATE_KEY>` with the actual key.
+
+---
+
+## 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 10. Join Control Plane and Worker Nodes
+
+* **Control Plane Nodes**: Use the command from `cp-command.txt` on each node.
+* **Worker Nodes**: Use the `kubeadm join` command printed at the end of the `kubeadm init` output or found in `kuber-install.log`.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Final Step: Install a Pod Network Add-on
+
+Choose and apply a pod network add-on (e.g., Flannel, Calico, Cilium). Here's an example with Flannel:
+
+```bash
+kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
+```
+
+---
+
+🎉 **Your Kubernetes cluster is now up and running!**
+Ensure all nodes are ready by running:
+
+```bash
+kubectl get nodes
+```
+