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Code-Management/Git/main.md
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# Git Commands Guide # Git Commands Guide
## Getting Started with Git ## 1. Installation and Setup
### 1. Installing Git ### Install Git
Download from [git-scm.com](https://git-scm.com/).
Before you begin, ensure Git is installed on your machine. You can download it from [git-scm.com](https://git-scm.com/).
### 2. Check Git Installation
To verify that Git is installed, run:
### Verify Installation
```bash ```bash
git --version git --version
``` ```
### 3. Configure Git User Information ### Configure User Info
Set your name and email for commits:
Set up your name and email address, which will be used for your commits:
```bash ```bash
git config --global user.name "Your Name" git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com" git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
``` ```
## Configuring Git to Use a Custom SSH Key ## 2. SSH Key Configuration
If you need to use a specific SSH key for your Git operations, you can configure Git as follows:
Use a custom SSH key:
```bash ```bash
git config --add --local core.sshCommand 'ssh -i <PATH_TO_SSH_KEY>' git config --add --local core.sshCommand 'ssh -i <PATH_TO_SSH_KEY>'
``` ```
For Clone With Custom SSH Key Use: Clone with custom key:
```bash ```bash
git -c core.sshCommand="ssh -i <key-path>" clone host:repo git -c core.sshCommand="ssh -i <key-path>" clone host:repo
``` ```
## 3. Initialize Repository
*Replace `<PATH_TO_SSH_KEY>` with the actual path to your SSH key file.* Create a new Git repo:
## Creating and Managing a Local Git Repository
### 1. Initialize a Git Repository
Start by creating a new Git repository in your local project directory:
```bash ```bash
git init -b main git init -b main
``` ```
- `-b main`: Sets default branch name to `main`.
*The `-b main` flag sets the default branch name to "main".* ## 4. Basic Workflow
### 2. Add Files and Commit Changes
Next, stage all your files and create your initial commit:
### Stage and Commit
Stage all changes:
```bash ```bash
git add -A git add -A
```
Commit changes:
```bash
git commit -m "Initial Commit" git commit -m "Initial Commit"
``` ```
*The `git add -A` command stages all changes, while the `git commit` command records those changes with a descriptive message.* ### Connect to Remote
Link local repo to remote:
### 3. Connect to a Remote Repository
Now, link your local repository to a remote GitHub repository:
```bash ```bash
git remote add origin <Repo-Link> git remote add origin <Repo-Link>
``` ```
*Replace `<Repo-Link>` with the URL of your GitHub repository.* ### Push to Remote
### 4. Push Changes to GitHub
Finally, push your initial commit to the remote repository:
```bash ```bash
git push origin main git push origin main
``` ```
## Common Git Commands for Beginners ## 5. Repository Status and History
### 1. Check the Status of Your Repository
To see which changes are staged, unstaged, or untracked:
### Check Status
```bash ```bash
git status git status
``` ```
Shows staged, unstaged, and untracked files.
### 2. View Commit History ### View History
To view the commit history of your repository:
```bash ```bash
git log git log
``` ```
show diffrent on each commit - `git log -p`: Shows diffs per commit.
```bash - `git log -3`: Shows last 3 commits.
git log -p - `git log --graph`: Shows history as a graph.
``` - `git log --oneline`: Shows compact log.
show last 3 commit
```bash
git log -3
```
```bash
git log --graph
```
```bash
git log --oneline
```
*You can press `q` to exit the log view.*
### 3. Viewing Changes
To see changes made to files before staging them:
### View Changes
```bash ```bash
git diff git diff
``` ```
Shows unstaged changes.
```bash ```bash
git diff --staged git diff --staged
``` ```
Shows staged changes.
### 4. Staging Individual Files ## 6. File Operations
If you want to stage specific files instead of all changes:
### Stage Specific Files
```bash ```bash
git add <filename> git add <filename>
``` ```
*Replace `<filename>` with the name of the file you wish to stage.* ### Unstage Files
### 5. Undoing Changes
To unstage a file that you added by mistake:
```bash ```bash
git reset <filename> git reset <filename>
``` ```
To discard changes in a file and revert it to the last committed state: ### Discard Changes
```bash ```bash
git checkout -- <filename> git checkout -- <filename>
``` ```
Reverts file to last committed state.
### 6. Cloning a Repository ### Rename File
If you want to create a copy of an existing remote repository:
```bash ```bash
git clone <Repo-Link> git mv <old-name> <new-name>
``` ```
*Replace `<Repo-Link>` with the URL of the repository you want to clone.* ### Remove File
```bash
git rm <filename>
```
### 7. Creating a New Branch ## 7. Branch Management
To create a new branch for development:
### Create and Switch to Branch
```bash ```bash
git checkout -b <branch-name> git checkout -b <branch-name>
``` ```
*Replace `<branch-name>` with your desired branch name.* ### List Branches
```bash
git branch
```
List with details:
```bash
git branch -v
```
### 8. Merging Branches ### Delete Branch
```bash
git branch -d <branch-name>
```
To merge changes from another branch into your current branch: ### Switch Branch
```bash
git checkout <branch-name>
```
## 8. Merging
### Merge Branch
```bash ```bash
git merge <branch-name> git merge <branch-name>
``` ```
rename file **Merge Types:**
- **Fast-forward:** No conflicts; branch is ahead of target.
- **Three-way:** Conflicts possible; creates new merge commit.
## 9. Remote Operations
### List Remotes
```bash ```bash
git mv git remote
``` ```
remove file ### Show Remote Info
```bash ```bash
git rm git remote -v
```
```bash
git remote show origin
``` ```
change default editor ### Fetch Changes
```bash ```bash
git config --global code.editor "vim" git fetch
``` ```
Get updates without merging.
edit last commit message ```bash
git fetch --all
```
Fetch from all remotes.
## 10. Commit Management
### Edit Last Commit Message
```bash ```bash
git commit --amend git commit --amend
``` ```
show changes in commit ### Show Commit Changes
```bash ```bash
git show <commit-id> git show <commit-id>
``` ```
### Revert Commit
```bash ```bash
git revert HEAD git revert HEAD
``` ```
Revert last commit.
```bash ```bash
git revert <commit-id> git revert <commit-id>
``` ```
show all branches Revert specific commit.
## 11. Miscellaneous
### Change Default Editor
```bash ```bash
git branch git config --global core.editor "vim"
```
show all branches but with datails
```bash
git branch -v
```
delete target branch
```bash
git branch -d <branch-name>
```
swith on target branch
```bash
git checkout <branch-name>
```
create branch and switch on it
```bash
git checkout -b <branch-name>
``` ```
### Clone Repository
```bash ```bash
git merge <target-branch> git clone <Repo-Link>
```
on merge with have 2 method:
fast forward: if we are on latest on master and create branch and set some change and merge it ( master not changed ) commit on out branch fast come on head master
Three-way: if we are on latest on master and create branch and set some change and merge it but this time our master got some change if our brnach dont have conflict with master its merge but with new commit
show remotes (just name)
```bash
git remote
```
show remotes with full information
```bash
git remote -v
```
```bash
git remote show origin
```
get changes from default remote ( just get what file changed not applyed)
```bash
git fetch
```
get changes from all remote ( just get what file changed not applyed)
```bash
git fetch --all
``` ```

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Linux/Basic Administration/31-date.md Normal file
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create epoch time
```bash
date -d "2026-01-13 14:31:26" +%s%3N
`````